https://ericfuterfas.com Portfolio Website Wed, 01 May 2024 16:40:39 +0000 https://ericfuterfas.com en https://ericfuterfas.com/Backdrop-1 Thu, 06 Jan 2022 23:01:11 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/Backdrop-1 https://ericfuterfas.com/le-Chant-du-Sel Fri, 07 Apr 2023 03:02:19 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/le-Chant-du-Sel <img width="1600" height="1067" width_o="1600" height_o="1067" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a362fca62e7d2ded14ac1ede38f97f9fa40b97b4e805d01fbafd73f2dfaed3b5/_es_4725_0_fixed.jpg" data-mid="198413880" border="0" alt="photo credit: Domaine de Chaumont-sur-Loire" data-caption="photo credit: Domaine de Chaumont-sur-Loire" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a362fca62e7d2ded14ac1ede38f97f9fa40b97b4e805d01fbafd73f2dfaed3b5/_es_4725_0_fixed.jpg" /> le Chant du Sel / the Song of Salt What: Where: When: For: With: Resilient Garden Chaumont-Sur-Loire, France2023 Domaine de Chaumont Felix De Rosen Bruno Derozier The Domaine de Chaumont issues an open-call competition each year for the design of conceptual, boutique gardens oriented around a theme. The theme of 2023’s competition was Resilience. Our design addressed the theme through the issue of sea-level rise and changing soil chemistry as saltwater intrudes further onto our shores. In response to this, we proposed a garden planted entirely of halophytes - plants tolerant of salt. We teamed up with a horticulturalist from Ile De Re - an island just off the Atlantic coast of France known for its salty marsh landscape where the crystals are harvested - to provide us with a bespoke palette of halophytes, and the expertise to procure, sustain, transport, and install them on our eventual site. Our garden confronts the consequences of the anthropocene as an opportunity, attempting to instill a sense of optimism by demonstrating how solutions can be beautiful and playful without compromising on function. <img width="2048" height="1356" width_o="2048" height_o="1356" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bab855bfad9ffb8293baf7ff63bd579b706d3e3d97f1462a4973faef9d6cef1a/_DSC8837-2.jpg" data-mid="175442765" border="0" alt="photo credit: Felix De Rosen" data-caption="photo credit: Felix De Rosen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/bab855bfad9ffb8293baf7ff63bd579b706d3e3d97f1462a4973faef9d6cef1a/_DSC8837-2.jpg" /> <img width="740" height="1494" width_o="740" height_o="1494" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4b969b59771bdb0ec7d56a47cfef45503ef5e31f219352d9f43228589355d7b2/watercolor.jpg" data-mid="175443105" border="0" alt="drawing credit: Fabrice Moireau" data-caption="drawing credit: Fabrice Moireau" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/740/i/4b969b59771bdb0ec7d56a47cfef45503ef5e31f219352d9f43228589355d7b2/watercolor.jpg" /> Our design involves a central basin to represent the ocean, surrounded by planted mounds and a continuous groundcover of tumbled glass, recycled from the waste glass of a French glassware factory. There are 12 metric tons of it spread across the site, unifying the basin, mounds, and circulation area into a continuous surface. The uncertain boundary between these zones is intended to create the impression of a flooded walkway, and the subtle guard rail pauses at the edges of the water to reinforce this notion. Glass was chosen as our groundcover material due to its physical appearance, evoking the crystalline structure of the salt. <img width="4961" height="3498" width_o="4961" height_o="3498" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6df3762080d4b2883608abc5b2ef697426d7fb0a5dca4f13982ca7c143a9b1cf/The-Song-of-Salt_Le-Chant-du-Sel_Page_2.jpg" data-mid="175443048" border="0" alt="drawing credit: Felix De Rosen" data-caption="drawing credit: Felix De Rosen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/6df3762080d4b2883608abc5b2ef697426d7fb0a5dca4f13982ca7c143a9b1cf/The-Song-of-Salt_Le-Chant-du-Sel_Page_2.jpg" /> The mounds are exaggerated by vegetation which grows in height from the edges to the peaks. This strategically screens visitors from the basin and negotiates their relationship with the water as they circulate around the site. <img width="2835" height="1787" width_o="2835" height_o="1787" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ad32da65788c3cd14122c37738f49d1e3c930681f691fd112cfb192a6e8c0dd5/The-Song-of-Salt_Le-Chant-du-Sel_Page_4.jpg" data-mid="175443100" border="0" alt="drawing credit: Felix De Rosen" data-caption="drawing credit: Felix De Rosen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ad32da65788c3cd14122c37738f49d1e3c930681f691fd112cfb192a6e8c0dd5/The-Song-of-Salt_Le-Chant-du-Sel_Page_4.jpg" /> The plants come from two different types of saline ecosystems: dunes and wetlands. The dune-dwelling plants are adapted to sandy substrates and high winds, while the wetland-dweling plants are adapted to saturated substrates with a lot of organic matter. Accordingly, the planting scheme allocates the plants based on their proximity to the basin, with wetland plants on the interior and dune plants on the exterior.&nbsp; <img width="4763" height="2616" width_o="4763" height_o="2616" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/68e3f8a2e28c4cb4659f10d6d2cd3405c34056af6ef2d2438aed473c4016a327/The-Song-of-Salt_Le-Chant-du-Sel_Page_6.jpg" data-mid="175443240" border="0" alt="drawing credit: Felix De Rosen" data-caption="drawing credit: Felix De Rosen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/68e3f8a2e28c4cb4659f10d6d2cd3405c34056af6ef2d2438aed473c4016a327/The-Song-of-Salt_Le-Chant-du-Sel_Page_6.jpg" /> <img width="1600" height="1067" width_o="1600" height_o="1067" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cd74b7788c2dd0d18bf3edc9d00acb49617b7a5a0f26f3bf1ee5fe1b2c16acb9/_es_4902.jpg" data-mid="198412612" border="0" alt="photo credit: Domaine de Chaumont-sur-Loire" data-caption="photo credit: Domaine de Chaumont-sur-Loire" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cd74b7788c2dd0d18bf3edc9d00acb49617b7a5a0f26f3bf1ee5fe1b2c16acb9/_es_4902.jpg" /> <img width="2048" height="1356" width_o="2048" height_o="1356" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2f27f32f044021236a22c7bc56c4dae2a2e97d8df9263868febdff06729424eb/_DSC8840-2.jpg" data-mid="175443259" border="0" alt="photo credit: Felix De Rosen" data-caption="photo credit: Felix De Rosen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2f27f32f044021236a22c7bc56c4dae2a2e97d8df9263868febdff06729424eb/_DSC8840-2.jpg" /> <img width="1600" height="1067" width_o="1600" height_o="1067" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6602e19b00881b4f00e73e28c3317c893581618e80a6b98933ecddcc93d440f3/_es_4912.jpg" data-mid="198412677" border="0" alt="photo credit: Domaine de Chaumont-sur-Loire" data-caption="photo credit: Domaine de Chaumont-sur-Loire" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/6602e19b00881b4f00e73e28c3317c893581618e80a6b98933ecddcc93d440f3/_es_4912.jpg" /> <img width="2048" height="1356" width_o="2048" height_o="1356" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/da88c4c214949959e7e63236f8ccc14f0619998970e7256aaf6aa6a83d8057fd/_DSC8825-2.jpg" data-mid="175440602" border="0" alt="photo credit: Felix De Rosen" data-caption="photo credit: Felix De Rosen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/da88c4c214949959e7e63236f8ccc14f0619998970e7256aaf6aa6a83d8057fd/_DSC8825-2.jpg" /> https://ericfuterfas.com/Mixed-Use-Development-Water-Balance Tue, 23 Apr 2024 05:15:09 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/Mixed-Use-Development-Water-Balance <img width="8081" height="3209" width_o="8081" height_o="3209" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2a74ba1e034d6f8626fb38551a52545f8d8f07959c81162756e9bc54fc349861/11635-Water-Systems-Section-231116---CS6---revised-01.jpg" data-mid="209535057" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2a74ba1e034d6f8626fb38551a52545f8d8f07959c81162756e9bc54fc349861/11635-Water-Systems-Section-231116---CS6---revised-01.jpg" /> Mixed Use Development Water Balance What: Where: When: For: With: Water Balance NDA2023/24 NDA Atelier Ten NDA This water analysis was for a luxury mixed use complex was being designed as an extension of an existing property. The new program consisted of 2 high rise residential towers, a high rise hotel tower, a retail shopping building, an extension of the existing hotel, and a podium with a spa beneath and botanical garden on top that holds together all of these other elments. The large scope of the project required the program to be broken down by zones with discrete LEED boundaries and targets for indoor water reuse reduction, however the greater purpose of the analysis was to synthesize the site’s holistic water use to determine if/how the extensive landscaping could be irrigated exclusively with on-site water sources.&nbsp; This re-use scheme accounted for many factors including front-of-house vs back-of-house fixtures, fluxuating residential occupancy rates, unnoccupied residential maintenance water use approximations, condensate estimation, rainfall estimation using 5 different tributaries/stormwater tanks with respective zone assignments and overflow estimates. In addition, a new calculation methodology was developed for estimating swimming pool evaporation makeup water which accounts for direct sunlight vs shade.Two different irrigation regiments were proposed by the team’s mechanical engineers. Site-related vegetation (botanical garden, misc landscaping on podium) is to be irrigated exclusively with graywater, while building-related vegetation (living walls, balcony planters, vegetated roofs) are to be irrigated with stormwater, with the remaining graywater as backup. The complexity of this water balance demanded the development of an updated version of Atelier Ten’s water balance tool to account for several functions unique to the project. The analysis provided the team with expected outcomes of the current system design as well as alternative pathways for meeting the goal of full on-site irrigation demand without potable water. System Flows - As Proposed 10% residential occupancy presents the worst case scenario for graywater collection. With the determined stormwater tank sizes and strict usage for building-related irrigation, there are 1,800,000 gallons of stormwater overflowing to the municipal drain. Simultaneously, there is a 1,507,000 gallon deficit in podium irrigation. Not all of this can be made up for with overflow due to a misalignment between monthly stormwater supply and irrigation demand. This is also the case with 465,000 gallons of surplus graywater which cannot be used for irrigation when it is produced. Alternative sources of water are needed to make up the remaining irrigation demand of the podium vegetation, and a surplus of graywater is currently being unused. With the exception of one, each stormwater tank is in need of supplemental graywater and becomes depleted in the summer months as rainfall diminishes while irrigation demand spikes. The analysis identified the surplus of water in this one tank being due to a lack of demand relative to its tributary area. This surplus has potential to be redirected to podium irrigation or another function of the site. <img width="7387" height="5600" width_o="7387" height_o="5600" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/40d749a467e0d2a97aeecc9a0d2e561e9d0304f873220936ef51e6649cc36dd0/11635-Sanke-231208---CS6-01.jpg" data-mid="209603202" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/40d749a467e0d2a97aeecc9a0d2e561e9d0304f873220936ef51e6649cc36dd0/11635-Sanke-231208---CS6-01.jpg" /> Monthly Balance - As ProposedThe winter season at the site is relatively wet, supplying ample rain for the plants, especially in their dormancy. The only irrigation demand in these months is for vegetation on the buildings, where plants can’t directly access rain. In the spring season, irrigation demand begins to ramp up while rainfall tapers off, allowing for faster drawdown of the stormwater tanks. During the summer, irrigation demand spikes as plants continue to grow while very little rain is expected, causing tanks to dry up. The analysis determined that expanding the size of stormwater tanks would not be an effective way to meet the remaining demand, and alternative sources of on-site water should be attempted before considering a reduction in vegetation. <img width="1080" height="532" width_o="1080" height_o="532" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/242b0b2063df5d5a993c797838eb51ef5ef47d733b795e88c75073ff983a7863/graywater-10.jpg" data-mid="209617138" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/242b0b2063df5d5a993c797838eb51ef5ef47d733b795e88c75073ff983a7863/graywater-10.jpg" /> <img width="1080" height="532" width_o="1080" height_o="532" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f36fd4a125a551335aba7c97859cae38d59a2f4a0819672587bbed36bac4221d/graywater-50.jpg" data-mid="209617140" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f36fd4a125a551335aba7c97859cae38d59a2f4a0819672587bbed36bac4221d/graywater-50.jpg" /> <img width="330" height="409" width_o="330" height_o="409" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/838d1d8939196a0e1124d4fed9b50ee7aca8fe2b04933c6ab06b18a84d8f3704/legend-main.jpg" data-mid="209617243" border="0" data-scale="100" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/330/i/838d1d8939196a0e1124d4fed9b50ee7aca8fe2b04933c6ab06b18a84d8f3704/legend-main.jpg" /> Monthly Balance - Alternative Since neither occupancy scenario for the current graywater collection system meet 100% of irrigation demand, several alternative sources for water reuse were evaluated for their feasibility.Both alternative collection scenarios require cooling tower blowdown to meet the full demand of the site’s irrigation. The estimated volume is based on assumptions coordinated with the mechanical engineer, but a more conclusive estimate using an energy model would need to be done to conclude the viability of this source. <img width="1089" height="540" width_o="1089" height_o="540" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/31d2363a378e9d2acb045b1b257707f21c67474515d081c5f5080b96c272f863/blackwater-alt.jpg" data-mid="209617365" border="0" alt="Hotel Graywater and Cooling Tower Blowdown" data-caption="Hotel Graywater and Cooling Tower Blowdown" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/31d2363a378e9d2acb045b1b257707f21c67474515d081c5f5080b96c272f863/blackwater-alt.jpg" /> Without demanding too much investment in piping, blackwater could be effectively harvested from the Hotel and Main Kitchen program within the podium. Including blackwater would likely require upgrading the current graywater system to a more intensive treatment system but would eliminate a substantial amount of double piping because the system could just tap into the building’s waste water main. <img width="1089" height="540" width_o="1089" height_o="540" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2ef6f1add364a50e96b77ca358a7b9daabea6c3100ecea7fb39f4cbd628c6e57/condensate-alt.jpg" data-mid="209617366" border="0" alt="Cooling Tower Blowdown and Condensate" data-caption="Cooling Tower Blowdown and Condensate" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2ef6f1add364a50e96b77ca358a7b9daabea6c3100ecea7fb39f4cbd628c6e57/condensate-alt.jpg" /> Cooling coil condensate is an effective source of irrigation water because it does not require NSF 350 treatment. The supply of condensate is also present during the warmer months when it is most needed by the plants, leveraging a synergy between building systems and the ecology of the site. <img width="330" height="409" width_o="330" height_o="409" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3d1d4259058b822d779fea7bb8bafa275510f2cad505550b5518483908f6390b/legend-alt.jpg" data-mid="209617246" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/330/i/3d1d4259058b822d779fea7bb8bafa275510f2cad505550b5518483908f6390b/legend-alt.jpg" /> Additional Demands The project falls within ASHRAE climate zone 3B, which can be generally described as hot and dry. This climate will demand ample cooling to keep indoor spaces comfortable, and evaporative cooling will be an energy-efficient way to accomplish this. The energy efficiency of this cooling strategy comes at the cost of high water demand, however, making up approximately 63% of the site’s monthly and annual water demand. <img width="1089" height="540" width_o="1089" height_o="540" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/05dd200cbe3ac2f82c9aeb0c00638fec122522bb3c3f791246f5ee8bd997663d/donut.jpg" data-mid="209618476" border="0" alt="Demand by Percentage" data-caption="Demand by Percentage" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/05dd200cbe3ac2f82c9aeb0c00638fec122522bb3c3f791246f5ee8bd997663d/donut.jpg" /> <img width="1089" height="540" width_o="1089" height_o="540" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6a589d2c05065fae2f317e3665419273d60bd0db181926705f22fc412eaff05a/holistic-graph.jpg" data-mid="209617636" border="0" alt="Total Supplies and Demands" data-caption="Total Supplies and Demands" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/6a589d2c05065fae2f317e3665419273d60bd0db181926705f22fc412eaff05a/holistic-graph.jpg" /> <img width="374" height="790" width_o="374" height_o="790" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5e8385b5680c50d129cdbc4ed6aae1cc44a12894e9eb82784f6c9889b757eace/legend-total.jpg" data-mid="209618240" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/374/i/5e8385b5680c50d129cdbc4ed6aae1cc44a12894e9eb82784f6c9889b757eace/legend-total.jpg" /> System Flow - Alternative Some stormwater overflow can be allocated to the podium’s irrigation demand. This is ideal because of lack of treatment necessary for stormwater. The monthly availability of stormwater is inverted from when it is most needed in the region, however, so most of the stormwater overflow should go towards cooling tower makeup, a year-round demand. The next best supply for podium irrigation is fan coil condensate. Unlike stormwater, coil condensate supply is aligned with irrigation demand. It also does not require treatment. Some of this condensate is directed to building irrigation as well, however this is only necessary in the worst-case 10% residential occupancy scenario when the graywater supply is insufficient in the more demanding summer months. The final additional podium irrigation supply is cooling tower blowdown, which will require treatment. Cooling towers can also make use of the excess graywater from the baseline case. Without a more optimistic occupancy scenario or the reduction of the podium’s landscaping, the inclusion of cooling tower blowdown will be necessary to meet the full irrigation demand with on-site sources. <img width="8410" height="9480" width_o="8410" height_o="9480" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/08005f1c6c85ce5631256493cbd709916b19e22cbf254fe77a7a3cd00dc4c16b/11635-Sanke-231208---CS6-02.jpg" data-mid="209617513" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/08005f1c6c85ce5631256493cbd709916b19e22cbf254fe77a7a3cd00dc4c16b/11635-Sanke-231208---CS6-02.jpg" /> https://ericfuterfas.com/Hydrogen-Factory-Sustainability-Strategizing Wed, 01 May 2024 16:40:39 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/Hydrogen-Factory-Sustainability-Strategizing <img width="3397" height="1408" width_o="3397" height_o="1408" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/91b910e125b095c3ebca6da0533dd6731fceedf02746654fa6a7a1d3981adb57/11517-Environmental-Section_01.png" data-mid="210106386" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/91b910e125b095c3ebca6da0533dd6731fceedf02746654fa6a7a1d3981adb57/11517-Environmental-Section_01.png" /> Hydrogen Factory Sustainability Strategizing What: Where: When: For: With: Hydrogen Capsule FactoryNew Mexico2023 NDA Atelier Ten Designed as a 24/7 assembly facility for modular hydrogen capsules to transform the airline industry, this client sought a similarly sustainable factory facility for them to operate from. Atelier Ten recommended several key goals for the facility to achieve in persuit of this, including: &nbsp; &nbsp; - eliminating the use of fossil fuels&nbsp; &nbsp; - providing a comfortrable, healthy workplace for staff, including thermal comfort and access to daylight &nbsp; &nbsp; - being a good desert citizen by addressing water scarcity &nbsp; &nbsp; - optimizing operational and embodied emissions, including internal transportation&nbsp; &nbsp; - providing adequate daylight, outdoor views, and biophilic connection to the landscape from the factory floorWe identified design concepts to meet the above goals, and the illustrations produced for this project were done over conversations with colleagues to effectively communicate and promote their pursuit. <img width="3397" height="1408" width_o="3397" height_o="1408" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0bde92728962a0e3b7fd5379e8f36aee032b356695e459b82e2aa3c6ecf6c047/11517-Heating-Section_01.png" data-mid="210106395" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0bde92728962a0e3b7fd5379e8f36aee032b356695e459b82e2aa3c6ecf6c047/11517-Heating-Section_01.png" /> Winter Conditioning StrategiesBuilding conditioning (heating &amp; cooling) is likely to be a large portion of the project’s energy use. The building will be a high volume space that may have large amounts of waste heat generated in the manufacturing space (from equipment, ovens, etc.) The winter conditioning concept aims to reuse waste heat wherever possible, and supplement it with effi cient heating systems that eliminate the use of fossil fuels. Condition each zone the minimum amount based on its needs, which may be comfort conditioning and/or specialized needs for sensitive equipmentHeat supplied low in the space warehouse and manufacturing space, to heat people where they are rather than heating the entire volume. Supply air through displacement vents (ideally integrated with the structural columns)Ceiling fans to prevent heat stratifi cation in tall spaces, and force the hot air back in the occupied zoneRadiant floor system in the office spacesVentilation air pre-conditioning through earth ducts. Earth ducts are concrete pipes buried on the site which use the temperature of the ground to pre-heat &amp; pre-cool incoming airGround source heat pump system to support a baseload of hot and chilled water for space cooling, heating and process uses in lieu of traditional chillers and boilers. Further evaluation of the building loads will be required to determine if the system will be balanced.If ground source heat pumps are not viable, efficient chillers and air source heat pumps are a great all-electric alterative. If simultaneous heating and cooling are needed, heat recovery chillers may be effective. <img width="3397" height="1408" width_o="3397" height_o="1408" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/28e48c9ad18fb89df30fdfb0c4ffde357f48f5d89a1972c856138661ab9b7c38/11517-Cooling-Section_01.png" data-mid="210106430" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/28e48c9ad18fb89df30fdfb0c4ffde357f48f5d89a1972c856138661ab9b7c38/11517-Cooling-Section_01.png" /> Summer Conditioning Strategies Building conditioning (heating &amp; cooling) is likely to be a large portion of the project’s energy use. The building will be a high volume space that may have large amounts of waste heat generated in the manufacturing space (from equipment, ovens, etc.) The summer conditioning concept aim to utilize low energy systems to cool people, rather than cooling the entire volume of space, taking also advantage of New Mexico’s diurnal temperature swings. Chilled floor system in the offi ce spaces, and backup chilled beams can be a great combination of low energy systems.Night fl ushing of the exhaust air via motorized roof openings and operable windows when the night temperatures are low.Water-to-water heat recovery chillers can be coupled with process equipment needing heat, while building requires cooling.Ventilation air can be pre-cooled using the same earth duct network utilized in the winter months.Cold air can be supplied through displacement vents (ideally integrated with the structural columns) at the occupant’s level. Displacement ventilation air is often supplied in higher temperature and lower speeds than traditional Air Handling units, thus; it conserves energy.As mentioned in the heating section, a ground source heat pump system can support a baseload of chilled water for space cooling in lieu of traditional chillers. https://ericfuterfas.com/Photo-synthetica Fri, 18 Nov 2022 07:04:11 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/Photo-synthetica <img width="8067" height="2766" width_o="8067" height_o="2766" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2f15fa2770d97d33d92e73f2eedccf1e035716ab31e806997a23ae66dea5ae50/rendering_1.jpg" data-mid="159451802" border="0" alt="render by Kangyi Shen" data-caption="render by Kangyi Shen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2f15fa2770d97d33d92e73f2eedccf1e035716ab31e806997a23ae66dea5ae50/rendering_1.jpg" />Photo synthetica What: Where: When: For: With: Open Space Solar Shade Mannheim, Germany2022 BUGA 23 / LAGI Ellina Poltavtseva Kangyi Shen BUGA (Bundesgartenschau) is Germany’s largest garden show. BUGA 23 set a goal to be the most sustainable iteration of the festival yet and teamed up with LAGI (Land Art Generator Initiative) to issue an open call for designs of modular infrastructure which produce electricity while promoting the city’s conversion of a derelect army base into public green space. Our project uses the subject matter of the festival (plants) as the inspiration for the form, derived from function. <img width="3868" height="2574" width_o="3868" height_o="2574" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4032ada3d8a330000af656684afd84efbdb4a15285826054ebc963710a93abaf/healthy-variegated-hosta-leaves-fill-frame-141668257-5c13109f46e0fb0001ba79eb.jpg" data-mid="174545792" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4032ada3d8a330000af656684afd84efbdb4a15285826054ebc963710a93abaf/healthy-variegated-hosta-leaves-fill-frame-141668257-5c13109f46e0fb0001ba79eb.jpg" />Many species of the genus Hostas can be found in Germany. The saddle-like shape of this plant’s foliage became the basis for how our design could simultaneously harvest both light and water, serving to both funnel water to the stem as well as track the sun’s path with its smooth, curved surface. The surface is formed by a single rod around the perimeter, held in place by a PTFE membrane stretched across the top, and an ETFE membrane along the bottom. The PTFE provides greater tensile strength to hold the rod in compression, as well as shade for visitors that may desire it on hotter days.&nbsp; <img width="4744" height="6670" width_o="4744" height_o="6670" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/45da12be013b4af713e79cc320a51d37259ea167e4c93e31b98ada78b8bd9ec0/rendering_3_red.jpg" data-mid="174545960" border="0" alt="render by Kangyi Shen" data-caption="render by Kangyi Shen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/45da12be013b4af713e79cc320a51d37259ea167e4c93e31b98ada78b8bd9ec0/rendering_3_red.jpg" /> The ETFE’s translucency enables the form to emit diffuse light after dusk and lengthen the usable hours of the park. This light would be powered by a battery at the base which charges from solar panels during the day. <img width="4985" height="5907" width_o="4985" height_o="5907" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/688ebe8967d752545088ad2cca0760f0733fc33c418f0f9c9ce90c275d297ec4/leaf-drawings.jpg" data-mid="174545966" border="0" alt="drawing by Kangyi Shen" data-caption="drawing by Kangyi Shen" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/688ebe8967d752545088ad2cca0760f0733fc33c418f0f9c9ce90c275d297ec4/leaf-drawings.jpg" /> The unique double-curved shape of the structure demands the use of a flexible PV solar cells which are sewn to the PTFE and connected into an array. <img width="7346" height="3275" width_o="7346" height_o="3275" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a3f50c31166d18b83f8a6a446cf93fe0262e7d56a26f1f892e54e0880079de08/sustainable-diagram.jpg" data-mid="174545970" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a3f50c31166d18b83f8a6a446cf93fe0262e7d56a26f1f892e54e0880079de08/sustainable-diagram.jpg" /> https://ericfuterfas.com/from-Seeds-to-Cities-1 Tue, 17 May 2022 02:19:08 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/from-Seeds-to-Cities-1 <img width="8000" height="4500" width_o="8000" height_o="4500" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/09042b6223dc0e8f149aae0103968ac31d7d7e6fe627e8e7aa64e3919b77981d/Project-Outline-light.png" data-mid="142801283" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/09042b6223dc0e8f149aae0103968ac31d7d7e6fe627e8e7aa64e3919b77981d/Project-Outline-light.png" /> From Seeds to Cities: Retrofitting Vegetation into Urban Habitats with Environmentally Computed Architecture What: Where: When: For: With: Hydroponic Canopy Oakland example2022 UC Berkeley M.S. Thesis Simon Schleicher Paz Gutierrez Iryna Dronova Cody Glen Mickey Mangan Our conventional mode of urbanism has manifested severe threats to health of the environment and ourselves. We’ve terraformed biodiverse habitats into urban jungles with an overwhelming abundance of impervious, and often toxic, materials that facilitate heat stress while denying the ecological function on which we depend. The garden city movement reasonably attempted to reunite built and natural realms, however it drove a logistical impracticality and lead to a sprawling export of our civilization’s assault on the environment. In the face of the current multi-faceted environmental crisis, our cities will have to densify in the coming decades so that we can live with a smaller footprint, both spatially and environmentally. With this increased densification though, the problem becomes: how can we welcome the beneficial features of the natural environment (microclimate management, ecosystem services, and beauty) while simultaneously accelerating the practices which expelled them in the first place? This project proposes a new system of high density cohabitation with nature by drawing inspiration from the smallest scale of a plant (seeds) to the largest scale of construction (cities). Insight is gathered from these disparate scales to inform an architectural intervention that negotiates and reconciles the built and natural dimensions in a radical but sensitive way. This project outlines a universal design solution of a lightweight cablenet intervention that can be strategically retrofitted within dense urban environments to create healthier public spaces. This cablenet is modified to host herbaceous vegetation that will seasonally adapt to provide comfortable space for citizens and an ecological asset for pollinators - an invasive architecture for native plants. Physical modelling and testing is done as a proof-of-concept while digital simulations help project the designs and discoveries of this thesis into a full-scale urban intervention that attempts to balance many anthropogenic and environmental inputs. Seed Germination Capsules - Bioprinting These capsules are intended to help plants grow from seed within their permanent architectural system. A bioprinting workflow was developed in order to prototype a seed germination capsule to help reliably coax seeds out of their fragile embyotic state. The ink is comprised of 5% sodium alginate and 0.3% activated carbon. The inclusion and amount of activated carbon was based off previous hydrogel research into germination efficiency with a substitute natural hydrogel. Hydrogels are advantageous for maximum retention and steady delivery of moisture for seeds within. <img width="4032" height="3024" width_o="4032" height_o="3024" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0437cbff5bfb76a986760c78c13acf7c5630cfdaecbd255e8a6dc5bcfe134ae6/PXL_20211116_010128114.jpg" data-mid="142801308" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0437cbff5bfb76a986760c78c13acf7c5630cfdaecbd255e8a6dc5bcfe134ae6/PXL_20211116_010128114.jpg" /> <img width="506" height="900" width_o="506" height_o="900" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bb203ba58f2ef31931e7e24f405422ca307893c34ad483d8af1d95a79944fe18/bioprint2.gif" data-mid="142801311" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/506/i/bb203ba58f2ef31931e7e24f405422ca307893c34ad483d8af1d95a79944fe18/bioprint2.gif" /> <img width="3024" height="4032" width_o="3024" height_o="4032" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/926cbdaef4f2cd5b0c4c82c98390cb85c9422277a999acfa15f99933b8b4bf8c/PXL_20211210_200032656.jpg" data-mid="142801309" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/926cbdaef4f2cd5b0c4c82c98390cb85c9422277a999acfa15f99933b8b4bf8c/PXL_20211210_200032656.jpg" /> <img width="3024" height="4032" width_o="3024" height_o="4032" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1822976182c96ec9c539abdf67fc6e64c2340303674aa1816933cfa894a72a5b/PXL_20211027_004443684.jpg" data-mid="142801306" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1822976182c96ec9c539abdf67fc6e64c2340303674aa1816933cfa894a72a5b/PXL_20211027_004443684.jpg" /> <img width="4032" height="3024" width_o="4032" height_o="3024" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d28620ad1a8d10c9c16959c46fd88da25adda0ff2c579796896555f8a8fb3034/PXL_20211210_203500084.jpg" data-mid="142801310" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d28620ad1a8d10c9c16959c46fd88da25adda0ff2c579796896555f8a8fb3034/PXL_20211210_203500084.jpg" /> Seed Germination Capsules - CastingThe capsule fabrication method was changed to a casting technique to reduce limitations on volume and production throughput. This required the hydrogel mixture to change from a sodium alginate base to an agarose base. Agarose is a common substrate for performing laboratory germination tests, however, so its effectiveness has already been proven. The same activated carbon ratio was used with an updated design that was shaped to be squeezed open for implanting seeds. <img width="2592" height="1944" width_o="2592" height_o="1944" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/28caca826d86b37cd9c788d13c77d98320cdbb1419ad1a5744233aa96b3e98d4/PXL_20220510_015337121.jpg" data-mid="143307120" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/28caca826d86b37cd9c788d13c77d98320cdbb1419ad1a5744233aa96b3e98d4/PXL_20220510_015337121.jpg" /> <img width="1943" height="1943" width_o="1943" height_o="1943" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/280d6ebe5e201f90d1a178dbb3b7cefa829ac60c56fd7197d87ebcd445c40b55/PXL_20220404_053043238.jpg" data-mid="143313790" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/280d6ebe5e201f90d1a178dbb3b7cefa829ac60c56fd7197d87ebcd445c40b55/PXL_20220404_053043238.jpg" /> <img width="1692" height="1692" width_o="1692" height_o="1692" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/dbc7de0998dbdd8fcda4c8bf3a23bdea5f5b8ae164158763bf8bd8ccbbd871c5/PXL_20220404_053546853.jpg" data-mid="143313780" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/dbc7de0998dbdd8fcda4c8bf3a23bdea5f5b8ae164158763bf8bd8ccbbd871c5/PXL_20220404_053546853.jpg" /> Seed Germination Capsules - Performance Four head-to-head germination experiments were conducted between the capsules and an off-the-shelf system ​(peat plugs) under conditions of both controlled and uncontrolled humidity. 3/4 of test results reflected an increased germination viability with the experimental capsules. These capsules can potentially make off-site greenhouses obsolete for living walls, reducing the embodied energy of a living system and encouraging the use of more ecologically appropriate plant communities. <img width="1290" height="1290" width_o="1290" height_o="1290" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/db29225151ad42c4584689fbf60b12134f1f4300b8ef022e17669f4c848f422e/PXL_20220404_193917761.jpg" data-mid="143313305" border="0" alt="Abelmoschus esculentus - Red Okra" data-caption="Abelmoschus esculentus - Red Okra" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/db29225151ad42c4584689fbf60b12134f1f4300b8ef022e17669f4c848f422e/PXL_20220404_193917761.jpg" /> <img width="1517" height="1517" width_o="1517" height_o="1517" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/de26fb35d3498ccbe5695ff8253c454ac320183f7898840b57fca0f06760f877/PXL_20220404_194610638.jpg" data-mid="143313307" border="0" alt="Scrophularia californica - California Bee Plant" data-caption="Scrophularia californica - California Bee Plant" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/de26fb35d3498ccbe5695ff8253c454ac320183f7898840b57fca0f06760f877/PXL_20220404_194610638.jpg" /> <img width="2016" height="1324" width_o="2016" height_o="1324" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3e1574df8ff5eb837eca80c19c9a636b2ffbe7fa1f3523938f525654b7ee6e6a/PXL_20220422_183330308-annotated-01.jpg" data-mid="143391892" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/3e1574df8ff5eb837eca80c19c9a636b2ffbe7fa1f3523938f525654b7ee6e6a/PXL_20220422_183330308-annotated-01.jpg" /> <img width="1512" height="2688" width_o="1512" height_o="2688" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/36069957ff102f31e449c73f156e200a41e594a08d6b3616d16f887e46b78238/PXL_20220420_221535447.jpg" data-mid="142801322" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/36069957ff102f31e449c73f156e200a41e594a08d6b3616d16f887e46b78238/PXL_20220420_221535447.jpg" /> <img width="437" height="540" width_o="437" height_o="540" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6cd3447ce1eaeb1e40f1177921a3e26aa3d6b5e9baf28e0b5a916573508c5792/germination-results---closed.jpg" data-mid="143313651" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/437/i/6cd3447ce1eaeb1e40f1177921a3e26aa3d6b5e9baf28e0b5a916573508c5792/germination-results---closed.jpg" /> <img width="436" height="540" width_o="436" height_o="540" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/83adcc43bf7897365d4fa6234f96e0c92236554f50dba364673a2ed3bb277be2/germination-results---open.jpg" data-mid="143313650" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/436/i/83adcc43bf7897365d4fa6234f96e0c92236554f50dba364673a2ed3bb277be2/germination-results---open.jpg" /> City Suitability Analysis At the other end of this project’s spectrum, analysis is done at the urban scale to filter for enclaves where an intervention for shade and biodiversity is most needed. For the purposes of this project, Oakland was chosen as a test case. This is accomplished by analyzing data with GIS software to account for high surface temperature, low vegetation occurence, distance from public green space, and pollution vulnerability. These four metrics are weighed and multiplied together to produce a final composite intervention priority map.&nbsp; This map provides a general idea of where vegetation can provide the most benefit, but the specific intervention proposed by this project requires a more careful visual combing of the urban fabric to identify appropriate enclaves. Using this map, areas of highest concern were analyzed on Google Maps and in person to confirm an appropriate example site. <img width="3507" height="2480" width_o="3507" height_o="2480" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f3e6e8f6ff1ac1ea3df6e762ad47fd153e10150ff6179d41b9261ffaa25d0639/0_Final-Priority.jpeg" data-mid="142801315" border="0" alt="Composite Intervention Priority Map" data-caption="Composite Intervention Priority Map" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f3e6e8f6ff1ac1ea3df6e762ad47fd153e10150ff6179d41b9261ffaa25d0639/0_Final-Priority.jpeg" /> <img width="3507" height="2480" width_o="3507" height_o="2480" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/42904744f1936a930cd72b949af4f9b6c2fffe3baae726c05305ca5e1cbe8610/AOI-.jpeg" data-mid="142801317" border="0" alt="Area of Interest" data-caption="Area of Interest" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/42904744f1936a930cd72b949af4f9b6c2fffe3baae726c05305ca5e1cbe8610/AOI-.jpeg" /> <img width="3507" height="2480" width_o="3507" height_o="2480" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c40e95678bcab195047b4b4c9a7115a93300121ef0191d1466c5178aad5e9258/LST.jpeg" data-mid="142801316" border="0" alt="Land Surface Temperature (LST)" data-caption="Land Surface Temperature (LST)" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/c40e95678bcab195047b4b4c9a7115a93300121ef0191d1466c5178aad5e9258/LST.jpeg" /> <img width="3507" height="2480" width_o="3507" height_o="2480" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e0380ac081094575194c5cb5e3e5ad0197f6dc108460326d2da0bd1d466268a8/NDVI.jpeg" data-mid="142801313" border="0" alt="Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)" data-caption="Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e0380ac081094575194c5cb5e3e5ad0197f6dc108460326d2da0bd1d466268a8/NDVI.jpeg" /> <img width="3507" height="2480" width_o="3507" height_o="2480" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/07d9535ca23dba00c8d8e386c9df5879bab5728d0b2a339761980591b4f53bd5/Proximity.jpeg" data-mid="142801314" border="0" alt="Distance from Existing Public Green Space" data-caption="Distance from Existing Public Green Space" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/07d9535ca23dba00c8d8e386c9df5879bab5728d0b2a339761980591b4f53bd5/Proximity.jpeg" /> <img width="3507" height="2480" width_o="3507" height_o="2480" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b8820d296ddbd8292162b829dc3d96324b9c826c62a29da6d40fc9541aa7f698/CES4.jpeg" data-mid="142801318" border="0" alt="Pollution Vulnerability" data-caption="Pollution Vulnerability" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/b8820d296ddbd8292162b829dc3d96324b9c826c62a29da6d40fc9541aa7f698/CES4.jpeg" /> Canopy Form-Finding Looking closer at an example site, a series of potential interface points are identified on the facades of existing buildings. A multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied to iterate through different combinations of these points for generating a dynamically relaxed cablenet canopy. <img width="642" height="788" width_o="642" height_o="788" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2b50d1a1ec1c77af8fc0948c7fe56ab3995782eb5f4ca36dd899f20969d22842/Screenshot-2022-05-23-085312.png" data-mid="143393876" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/642/i/2b50d1a1ec1c77af8fc0948c7fe56ab3995782eb5f4ca36dd899f20969d22842/Screenshot-2022-05-23-085312.png" /> <img width="2054" height="1263" width_o="2054" height_o="1263" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/61a5389b5d07911521270eb181355e41df5f263feef484f341bbf3d7540f38cf/earth-webster-perspective-3---pointcloud.png" data-mid="143308358" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/61a5389b5d07911521270eb181355e41df5f263feef484f341bbf3d7540f38cf/earth-webster-perspective-3---pointcloud.png" /> <img width="2054" height="1263" width_o="2054" height_o="1263" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7a9a989add2d73c67f82448b6e65576da213b385798e4cd1fe8050250a470988/earth-webster-perspective-3---base.png" data-mid="143308372" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/7a9a989add2d73c67f82448b6e65576da213b385798e4cd1fe8050250a470988/earth-webster-perspective-3---base.png" /> <img width="2054" height="1263" width_o="2054" height_o="1263" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b769aa24f64817d3b1786301d2d2eb685213c974255cd933c72ef1b80fa30ca0/earth-webster-perspective-3-highlight.png" data-mid="143308357" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/b769aa24f64817d3b1786301d2d2eb685213c974255cd933c72ef1b80fa30ca0/earth-webster-perspective-3-highlight.png" /> <img width="2082" height="1141" width_o="2082" height_o="1141" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6909ab78502e3b0459f4b3c9f9404a8cda2872e5fccd82e48bc1727e6d459e9d/ViewCapture20220512_100620.jpg" data-mid="143307156" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/6909ab78502e3b0459f4b3c9f9404a8cda2872e5fccd82e48bc1727e6d459e9d/ViewCapture20220512_100620.jpg" /> <img width="2082" height="1141" width_o="2082" height_o="1141" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/63bcb8f3269cccb5ef15e548b3113c055321e20847783066483abbed5da0935d/ViewCapture20220512_102842.jpg" data-mid="143307169" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/63bcb8f3269cccb5ef15e548b3113c055321e20847783066483abbed5da0935d/ViewCapture20220512_102842.jpg" /> Simulation data for yearly Incident Radiation and Average Curvature is collected for each iteration and organized in Thread for closer evaluation. This helps produce a form of the canopy that will intercept more sunlight with plants to increase the photosynthetic/ microclimate management potential, while retaining a reasonable degree of stiffness and security. By this process, the canopy becomes phototropic, emulating the behavior of the plants that it will harbor. This workflow allows for decisions that are informed by data and not purely driven by it in a deterministic way, which is important in projects with other potential contingencies, such as the contextual interfacing features of buildings or design preferences of stakeholders.&nbsp; <img width="400" height="400" width_o="400" height_o="400" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/33f78006583aec17ef92b844bf3fba265bdc3403958882e89de90e9a7711e2e6/Sequence-01_2.gif" data-mid="142801325" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/400/i/33f78006583aec17ef92b844bf3fba265bdc3403958882e89de90e9a7711e2e6/Sequence-01_2.gif" /> <img width="1661" height="216" width_o="1661" height_o="216" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4150f1589274dc6827febf4d182970c6b9ddd35046831164f7f3de4caefa12b9/colibri-diagram.JPG" data-mid="143308279" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4150f1589274dc6827febf4d182970c6b9ddd35046831164f7f3de4caefa12b9/colibri-diagram.JPG" /><img width="13666" height="2756" width_o="13666" height_o="2756" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8c5e9b4539f44ae6cde3a06984c9c8f55439c31c4233095c2bd5b4a11089069e/colibrrri-fitness-algorithm.png" data-mid="143308280" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8c5e9b4539f44ae6cde3a06984c9c8f55439c31c4233095c2bd5b4a11089069e/colibrrri-fitness-algorithm.png" /><img width="1280" height="720" width_o="1280" height_o="720" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8af673446e1bac7e0a95f97101d8626ea3b6730156eec753c81d47de529435f7/Rhino-2022.05.03---00.34.24.05_2.gif" data-mid="142801319" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8af673446e1bac7e0a95f97101d8626ea3b6730156eec753c81d47de529435f7/Rhino-2022.05.03---00.34.24.05_2.gif" /> The chosen cablenet iteration is put through a final simulation for the average daily hours of direct sunlight that hit each face of the mesh. These faces are binned into three categories that approximately correspond to different plant sunlight preferences:Full shadePart shadeFull sun <img width="2326" height="1276" width_o="2326" height_o="1276" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a5e319f10c417467bf879271103c849f5ec139a49d50b74ddea5133d8e0ebaad/ladybug-sunlight-hours-final.jpg" data-mid="143339198" border="0" alt="daily average direct sunlight hour simulation" data-caption="daily average direct sunlight hour simulation" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a5e319f10c417467bf879271103c849f5ec139a49d50b74ddea5133d8e0ebaad/ladybug-sunlight-hours-final.jpg" /> <img width="2326" height="1276" width_o="2326" height_o="1276" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/40b42fc65e759113e85b7dc7f16b978f803830729296c4f13afccb64fb97f101/ladybug-sunlight-hours-final-annotated.jpg" data-mid="143339197" border="0" alt="sunlight zones categorized" data-caption="sunlight zones categorized" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/40b42fc65e759113e85b7dc7f16b978f803830729296c4f13afccb64fb97f101/ladybug-sunlight-hours-final-annotated.jpg" /> Vegetation Programming A plant pallette is derived from a spreadsheet of herbaceous plants native to the site, listed in order of their pollinator attraction (Calscape.org). Grasshopper reads this external Excel spreadsheet and feeds it into a custom python component that extracts and organizes the plants into the three sunlight bins (full shade, part shade, full sun). The custom grasshopper component then maps this list of plants and their associated 3D models to each cell of the cablenet canopy based on the plants’ sunlight preferences. This is balanced with user-defined preferences for three additional variables: biodiversity distribution limitseasonal balance <img width="1929" height="1386" width_o="1929" height_o="1386" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/538a67292634d682849e62fa6dd72bb05edcd33513e431a47fd8d1f4426cf414/python-component.png" data-mid="143307181" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/538a67292634d682849e62fa6dd72bb05edcd33513e431a47fd8d1f4426cf414/python-component.png" /> <img width="900" height="900" width_o="900" height_o="900" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/10022c3a589b6183d17131682cd1e031e872aba7564dc107f9d004b3ad0ea686/distribution-2.gif" data-mid="142801303" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/900/i/10022c3a589b6183d17131682cd1e031e872aba7564dc107f9d004b3ad0ea686/distribution-2.gif" /> <img width="1700" height="937" width_o="1700" height_o="937" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e35fc06847517a92e9f3c649ffab81fe393a25f2974730bcf1dba54ad6255be3/biodiversity.gif" data-mid="143312205" border="0" alt="Biodiversity - increasing number of species selected for distribution" data-caption="Biodiversity - increasing number of species selected for distribution" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e35fc06847517a92e9f3c649ffab81fe393a25f2974730bcf1dba54ad6255be3/biodiversity.gif" /> <img width="1800" height="987" width_o="1800" height_o="987" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/24b320113c307c75d66fd0ef07c6ae60394e98fc67c47f16703e5fc68db9d2e8/biodiversity-plan-ps.gif" data-mid="143310984" border="0" alt="Limit - increasing limit of species occurrence before next plant" data-caption="Limit - increasing limit of species occurrence before next plant" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/24b320113c307c75d66fd0ef07c6ae60394e98fc67c47f16703e5fc68db9d2e8/biodiversity-plan-ps.gif" /> The seasonal balance logic is implemented to help distribute blooms of the whole canopy system across the entire year to ensure that pollinators are always being served. The following graph shows the standard deviation of blooms across the seasons as the seasonal balance check increases in frequency.<img width="655" height="275" width_o="655" height_o="275" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0f9c352c3c36327858e36dee5fe99c4b921bcd600a1c112d5e38f225c3aa65cc/standard-deviation-graph.jpg" data-mid="143463031" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/655/i/0f9c352c3c36327858e36dee5fe99c4b921bcd600a1c112d5e38f225c3aa65cc/standard-deviation-graph.jpg" /> <img width="1800" height="987" width_o="1800" height_o="987" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5d8a09b057e10afbcfc6f4258ee448b2fc86ef5d0880f9907b83221b6f079315/balance-ps.gif" data-mid="143311415" border="0" alt="Seasonal Balance - Increase frequency of seasonal bloom balance check" data-caption="Seasonal Balance - Increase frequency of seasonal bloom balance check" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5d8a09b057e10afbcfc6f4258ee448b2fc86ef5d0880f9907b83221b6f079315/balance-ps.gif" /> Modular Interface Design Devising the material interface for the plants is one of the highest priorities for this project. The mesh itself would be composed of a 3mm stainless steel cable net with nodes clasping together alternating cables to create 60o angles when tensioned into position. This formation allows for an efficient and repeating circle packing where each circular module can be linked to six of its neighbors. Not only does this create a more continuous irrigation network, but it also prevents the modules from swivelling on the connecting cable net nodes. Irrigation can be locally controlled with different flow rate emitters. <img width="721" height="647" width_o="721" height_o="647" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6d46579e444acfb5fb5e4a01feea56b6c1aa3a89ff961fda335b6306165797e9/module_4.gif" data-mid="142801284" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/721/i/6d46579e444acfb5fb5e4a01feea56b6c1aa3a89ff961fda335b6306165797e9/module_4.gif" /> The modules would be composed from a circular hoop which secures a series of textiles. at the base are textiles for waterproofing, capillary distribution, and substrate. The upper textile is a net which provides shade for vulnerable seedlings plants, but it remains porous for plants to grow through. These upper and lower textiles are spaced apart by a central mast which can be angled to account for the vertical and lateral declinations associated with any given position across the cable net, ensuring that a cone shape is created for funneling irrigation toward the center where the plant is rooted. This mast also provides a drainage vector for runoff that would otherwise pool, preventing extra weight and root rot.&nbsp; <img width="1909" height="1909" width_o="1909" height_o="1909" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7c47162f13423268f2efc1b67940ea728dd6c494bd2f537a28d2e257931cc712/PXL_20220411_224003630.jpg" data-mid="142801326" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/7c47162f13423268f2efc1b67940ea728dd6c494bd2f537a28d2e257931cc712/PXL_20220411_224003630.jpg" /> <img width="1458" height="1112" width_o="1458" height_o="1112" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0bd145e02b9300d4cddd638d9464d71fb9b067ec9b40b292143d2c6043d2ae96/module-array-light.png" data-mid="143312495" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0bd145e02b9300d4cddd638d9464d71fb9b067ec9b40b292143d2c6043d2ae96/module-array-light.png" /><img width="2227" height="1141" width_o="2227" height_o="1141" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1f692aa59603dccae11505839273801dbccc098b8feb63c87fcc27295e4659f2/module-progression-light.png" data-mid="142801285" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1f692aa59603dccae11505839273801dbccc098b8feb63c87fcc27295e4659f2/module-progression-light.png" /> The irrigation system is designed to flow from high connection points and branch into clusters of modules to create a continuous irrigation system without too much pressure that also helps reinforce the stability of the modules. The&nbsp; discharge network is programmed to connect each module to the closest neighbor that’s furthest downslope. Once water makes its way to the lower urban interface points, it can be channelled into basins that pump water back to the high points, creating a recirculating system. <img width="2082" height="1141" width_o="2082" height_o="1141" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/88c8c32c8a1076d8c3f20ba1eff18bb07b287aa61f65e6b095cae3458f6eb96a/ViewCapture20220510_075606.png" data-mid="143339584" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/88c8c32c8a1076d8c3f20ba1eff18bb07b287aa61f65e6b095cae3458f6eb96a/ViewCapture20220510_075606.png" /> <img width="2326" height="1276" width_o="2326" height_o="1276" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7b62227baa5a3fb2049081c7162f7b9f30cb1ee5c39d9353a968dde6b7d66265/irrigation-in.png" data-mid="143339592" border="0" alt="irrigation - delivery" data-caption="irrigation - delivery" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/7b62227baa5a3fb2049081c7162f7b9f30cb1ee5c39d9353a968dde6b7d66265/irrigation-in.png" /> <img width="2326" height="1276" width_o="2326" height_o="1276" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bbdc46595853132e0a82bbacfbea040b82dcf7540e799f70b5b7236e1ea4a9bb/irrigation.png" data-mid="143339606" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/bbdc46595853132e0a82bbacfbea040b82dcf7540e799f70b5b7236e1ea4a9bb/irrigation.png" /> <img width="2326" height="1276" width_o="2326" height_o="1276" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/35034fe46858f9c73d4c4ebd95bc0556caac5d934f1b663851737f0779dfc409/irrigation---out.png" data-mid="143339591" border="0" alt="irrigation - discharge" data-caption="irrigation - discharge" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/35034fe46858f9c73d4c4ebd95bc0556caac5d934f1b663851737f0779dfc409/irrigation---out.png" /> <img width="2326" height="1276" width_o="2326" height_o="1276" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/bbdc46595853132e0a82bbacfbea040b82dcf7540e799f70b5b7236e1ea4a9bb/irrigation.png" data-mid="143339606" border="0" alt="irrigation - composite" data-caption="irrigation - composite" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/bbdc46595853132e0a82bbacfbea040b82dcf7540e799f70b5b7236e1ea4a9bb/irrigation.png" /> Space between the modules would become filled with foliating vegetation in the warmer months and open back up in the colder ones as the pants go through their seasonal cycles. By leveraging plants with this behavior, the system passively adapts to keep the shade proportional to the heat, an ideal material for managing the microclimates of pedestrian realms of our cities.&nbsp; <img width="2054" height="1263" width_o="2054" height_o="1263" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/dbbd4c83637a8eb64dba84a6c352d83f1ef23ac55b76f142b03ba378ed1826ee/earth-webster-perspective-render-2.png" data-mid="143339704" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/dbbd4c83637a8eb64dba84a6c352d83f1ef23ac55b76f142b03ba378ed1826ee/earth-webster-perspective-render-2.png" /> <img width="1896" height="1271" width_o="1896" height_o="1271" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/180be6a023f8f6aea0b3838e317b0e8b6d2fc81c09d3fd4d66e08647ad83a080/Webster-perspective-S.png" data-mid="143339808" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/180be6a023f8f6aea0b3838e317b0e8b6d2fc81c09d3fd4d66e08647ad83a080/Webster-perspective-S.png" /> <img width="2173" height="1267" width_o="2173" height_o="1267" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8702f21e8b575f5d95114ad3ac0df9d65558b5043b82e4448ac2f4c14e48ee55/Webster-perspective-E.png" data-mid="143339705" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8702f21e8b575f5d95114ad3ac0df9d65558b5043b82e4448ac2f4c14e48ee55/Webster-perspective-E.png" /> <img width="2174" height="1287" width_o="2174" height_o="1287" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/249624d4c391b7610f1046b5c7ff6a717809405749855c80bba75df90829fe94/Webster-perspective-W.png" data-mid="143339707" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/249624d4c391b7610f1046b5c7ff6a717809405749855c80bba75df90829fe94/Webster-perspective-W.png" /> Prototype Installation A working prototype was installed with three different herbacious native perennials in a recirculating hydroponic system. This installation is temporary but the modules will be reconfigured on a different site for longer-term evaluation of their performance in sustaining plants. <img width="2592" height="1944" width_o="2592" height_o="1944" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1191f323de159d65e5b8e8b49d4d4d7f8060576594fc49c49e3a9ca08c44d03a/PXL_20220509_235518056.jpg" data-mid="143314534" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1191f323de159d65e5b8e8b49d4d4d7f8060576594fc49c49e3a9ca08c44d03a/PXL_20220509_235518056.jpg" /> <img width="2592" height="1944" width_o="2592" height_o="1944" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/89d61454681f8f3ed5b0efb965ad214a2f9d2a5224d4e0594112a438f766ebcd/PXL_20220509_235505016.jpg" data-mid="143314533" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/89d61454681f8f3ed5b0efb965ad214a2f9d2a5224d4e0594112a438f766ebcd/PXL_20220509_235505016.jpg" /> <img width="2592" height="1944" width_o="2592" height_o="1944" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/69300926b2cfa58f43fe2b95f407bd4f6a6c237e175e1778650bda8986d08edd/PXL_20220509_235245631.jpg" data-mid="143314530" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/69300926b2cfa58f43fe2b95f407bd4f6a6c237e175e1778650bda8986d08edd/PXL_20220509_235245631.jpg" /> <img width="2592" height="1944" width_o="2592" height_o="1944" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c455040dcf251d8ecc2773f36f8df8fbb2d06edd73d8dd5e6b951c1c85d9d754/PXL_20220509_235300645.jpg" data-mid="143314531" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/c455040dcf251d8ecc2773f36f8df8fbb2d06edd73d8dd5e6b951c1c85d9d754/PXL_20220509_235300645.jpg" /> <img width="1944" height="2592" width_o="1944" height_o="2592" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5b1c37c2afea6c5d6faf588b8f35c23b8adc47a0749a9c99644c78505ee5910d/PXL_20220509_235412955.jpg" data-mid="143314532" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5b1c37c2afea6c5d6faf588b8f35c23b8adc47a0749a9c99644c78505ee5910d/PXL_20220509_235412955.jpg" /> <img width="1944" height="2592" width_o="1944" height_o="2592" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4ba29b609e1a9b97065d11d9ad57fea462a032a5ba9cf2a317446fc3a8bb7d26/PXL_20220510_001237384.jpg" data-mid="143314537" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4ba29b609e1a9b97065d11d9ad57fea462a032a5ba9cf2a317446fc3a8bb7d26/PXL_20220510_001237384.jpg" /> <img width="1944" height="2592" width_o="1944" height_o="2592" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a598db310bec6115ff103dacc2baca12a769755b8cf16dca81352d5fe419ec64/PXL_20220509_235556911.jpg" data-mid="143314536" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a598db310bec6115ff103dacc2baca12a769755b8cf16dca81352d5fe419ec64/PXL_20220509_235556911.jpg" /> <img width="1944" height="2592" width_o="1944" height_o="2592" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/12ec4a37ac47a50a16077c83944b4a018177c533303797986fb9416a6383ae75/original_4593ec00-6cfb-41b2-a8cc-27ece199e82c_PXL_20220509_235355691.jpg" data-mid="143314529" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/12ec4a37ac47a50a16077c83944b4a018177c533303797986fb9416a6383ae75/original_4593ec00-6cfb-41b2-a8cc-27ece199e82c_PXL_20220509_235355691.jpg" /> https://ericfuterfas.com/Weeping-Desert-Lab Wed, 29 Dec 2021 23:35:38 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/Weeping-Desert-Lab <img width="2879" height="1507" width_o="2879" height_o="1507" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/74b95eae92c1ebda4feaab8036e125503736b6e4f6a85c97c397a896151acb10/FRONT-new2.jpg" data-mid="129869751" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/74b95eae92c1ebda4feaab8036e125503736b6e4f6a85c97c397a896151acb10/FRONT-new2.jpg" />Weeping Desert Lab What: Where: When: For: With: Geothermal Greenhouse Fly Ranch, Nevada2020 Burning Man / LAGI Felix De Rosen Matt Turlock Burning Man and the Land Art Generator Initiative issued an open call competition for proposals of innovative and artistic infrastructure to prototype on their new property. The site is about a mile northwest of their historic Black Rock City site, but the landscape is profoundly different. Rather than an empty canvas of flat, alkaline dust, Fly Ranch is a rolling landscape of sagebrush and geothermal wells with an extremeley salty soil chemistry and a sunny, arid desert climate. Our project leverages these local elements into the design of an occupiable solar still whose distilled water can be immediately used in agricultural experiments that inform the future of the site’s potential food security. The structure is inspired by those of the native Paiute people who would bend and lash willow branches together to compose the shells of their temporary shelters. We proposed a contemporary interpretation of this tectonic system with bamboo for a more stable and permanent yet still natural and lightweight material. A layer of ETFE film is suspended from the occuli of this shell, sealing the space below to allow light through while trapping heat and humidity. Saline brackish water is channelled from an adjacent geothermal pool through a gravity gate to flood the gravel floor of the structure. Occupants agitate this water as they navigate through the room in a mandatory footbath, expanding the surface area of this naturally warm water to accelerate its rate of evaoration. This humidity condenses on the underside of the ETFE film from where it drips to the perimeter and into a collection basin from where it can be used to directly nourish the plants or distribute for human consumption. The reclaimed masonry retaining walls would behave as a thermal mass to help regulate against the dramatic diurnal temperature fluctuations of the desert climate, and the occuli portals can be opened accordingly for fresh air exchange and temperature modulation to maintain a viable climate for the plants. Our proposal was shortlisted with the potential to eventually build a prototpe on site at Fly Ranch. <img width="1778" height="1163" width_o="1778" height_o="1163" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ed0b93892e160837d304fb7f89ba6df5604c35fd8a7b238c14ff546f4143ad7d/paiute-1.jpg" data-mid="153506883" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ed0b93892e160837d304fb7f89ba6df5604c35fd8a7b238c14ff546f4143ad7d/paiute-1.jpg" /> <img width="1778" height="1139" width_o="1778" height_o="1139" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8eb01376b0fe0fc623121a07fb73146b322ee43edc1aafdba6dc476fafb86d7e/paiute-2.jpg" data-mid="153506884" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8eb01376b0fe0fc623121a07fb73146b322ee43edc1aafdba6dc476fafb86d7e/paiute-2.jpg" /> archival photo source: Survival Arts of the Primitive Paiutes by Margaret M. Wheat <img width="3873" height="2738" width_o="3873" height_o="2738" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1faa52b7ffe539a58c1fc818d6827dbb944643fe01e5c5cc82132f6b6ccd7870/LAGI-Final-Page_2.jpg" data-mid="129874107" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/1faa52b7ffe539a58c1fc818d6827dbb944643fe01e5c5cc82132f6b6ccd7870/LAGI-Final-Page_2.jpg" /><img width="7316" height="5172" width_o="7316" height_o="5172" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/819d97e6a852e8774aea38b3e6daaaf5d0fd62a4c6cca85cb134a4a7d1180a12/LAGI-Final-Page_3.jpg" data-mid="129874108" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/819d97e6a852e8774aea38b3e6daaaf5d0fd62a4c6cca85cb134a4a7d1180a12/LAGI-Final-Page_3.jpg" /> https://ericfuterfas.com/Ito-s-White-U-A-Crypt-for-Grief Tue, 18 Jan 2022 07:10:29 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/Ito-s-White-U-A-Crypt-for-Grief <img width="2231" height="1141" width_o="2231" height_o="1141" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8e5258d809fa74aaf40fde5b3cdf15c6c734a12d15789bb70141360f8d9673fa/elevation.jpg" data-mid="130678835" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8e5258d809fa74aaf40fde5b3cdf15c6c734a12d15789bb70141360f8d9673fa/elevation.jpg" /> Toyo Ito’s White U House - A Crypt for Grief What Where When For With Interactive Model Virtual Wurster Hall2021 Arch 249 Sam Gebb Toyo Ito designed the White U in 1976 to give his sister a place to griev the loss of her husband to cancer, leaving her with their two small girls. The U takes on an extremeley unorthodox form with a continuous hallway “room” bending a full 180 degrees, functioning as the main gathering space while the more private auxillary spaces flank the sides of the building. All elements organized around an empty courtyard with bare soil and little access, perhaps reflecting the void opened up within the family. This courtyard provides the home with a connection outdoors, yet within it, nothing from the outside world seems to matter. Having served the family after 21 years, this radically introverted building was demolished in 1998, concluding family’s grief. Our project, however, seeks to resurrect this peculiar building and give it a new life in virtual space so that it can be experienced once again. With the artistic liberties afforded by a simulated environment, we have reconfigurred the White U into a special narrative model: a multi-level crypt with each level depicting a different stage of grief for the user to navigate through. Users are spawned within the middle of the sunken courtyard, now resembling a dark pit upon looking upwards to the view of the sky beyond a concrete tunnel. We use different expressions of the house’s iconic chair to represent the different stages of grief along the bent hallway room. The opposite end of the building is remodelled from a study room into vertical circulation to carrying users toward successive stages, creating a sequential loop of space with a uniqe experience on each level. We exploit the use of Unity’s single-sided surfaces by orienting the courtyard upward and away from the user’s perspective so that one can see through to the sky. The successive courtyard surfaces become become increasingly vegetated to reflect the passage of time along the grieving process. Once navigated to the top: Acceptance, users are permitted to leave through the front door, back out into the world.&nbsp; <img width="850" height="370" width_o="850" height_o="370" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f11c3cf005fddeb989d27a30c8fd3677dbfcdb394214cba598797a1415b1dd3f/external-content.duckduckgo.com.jpg" data-mid="130687188" border="0" alt="credit: ArchDaily" data-caption="credit: ArchDaily" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/850/i/f11c3cf005fddeb989d27a30c8fd3677dbfcdb394214cba598797a1415b1dd3f/external-content.duckduckgo.com.jpg" /> <img width="629" height="893" width_o="629" height_o="893" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e9742470492940db005786e6c1705101ded770ef152a39ec3f7ec8929dec114b/interior-dining.jpg" data-mid="130680830" border="0" alt="credit: ArchDaily" data-caption="credit: ArchDaily" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/629/i/e9742470492940db005786e6c1705101ded770ef152a39ec3f7ec8929dec114b/interior-dining.jpg" /> <img width="500" height="344" width_o="500" height_o="344" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8168b96937e7509bb5bfd3952235132c7820b4ddbc39574c72fc395da7c68d2b/Toyo-Ito-.-White-U-.-Nakano-ku-.-Tokyo-12.jpg" data-mid="130680833" border="0" alt="credit: ArchDaily" data-caption="credit: ArchDaily" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/500/i/8168b96937e7509bb5bfd3952235132c7820b4ddbc39574c72fc395da7c68d2b/Toyo-Ito-.-White-U-.-Nakano-ku-.-Tokyo-12.jpg" /> <img width="1000" height="1042" width_o="1000" height_o="1042" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5bc0d18846f0eded1d89e543db66093f7eb94ec8b8d828bdb1e732d5d341ee76/26fea05af558da16b8d0d9f3331c12ac.jpg" data-mid="130680837" border="0" alt="credit: ArchDaily" data-caption="credit: ArchDaily" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5bc0d18846f0eded1d89e543db66093f7eb94ec8b8d828bdb1e732d5d341ee76/26fea05af558da16b8d0d9f3331c12ac.jpg" /> <img width="713" height="968" width_o="713" height_o="968" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/07a818dcf878c1ca7dc76d5c0c49810079b49a7c65708b65f5b6067ebf38081d/interior-chair.jpg" data-mid="130680829" border="0" alt="credit: ArchDaily" data-caption="credit: ArchDaily" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/713/i/07a818dcf878c1ca7dc76d5c0c49810079b49a7c65708b65f5b6067ebf38081d/interior-chair.jpg" /> <img width="850" height="403" width_o="850" height_o="403" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3339b7acb44d22b08077959e0a264906b51731d6b73110a9c51f5d5d6ec763fe/54.jpg" data-mid="130681131" border="0" alt="credit: ArchDaily" data-caption="credit: ArchDaily" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/850/i/3339b7acb44d22b08077959e0a264906b51731d6b73110a9c51f5d5d6ec763fe/54.jpg" /> <img width="660" height="405" width_o="660" height_o="405" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5d71a3cca54f1c6a1d214f01659b26e9903ab8b8357130fd81c7a2dea1267e4f/main-photo-800-660x405-BW.jpg" data-mid="130682906" border="0" alt="credit: Koji Taki" data-caption="credit: Koji Taki" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/660/i/5d71a3cca54f1c6a1d214f01659b26e9903ab8b8357130fd81c7a2dea1267e4f/main-photo-800-660x405-BW.jpg" /> <img width="740" height="1416" width_o="740" height_o="1416" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b749919ba10670efaa288ba345142e7b0a954cf3413dfb5cdd1a89aa0fc1e1f1/U-plan.jpg" data-mid="130681688" border="0" alt="credit: ArchDaily" data-caption="credit: ArchDaily" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/740/i/b749919ba10670efaa288ba345142e7b0a954cf3413dfb5cdd1a89aa0fc1e1f1/U-plan.jpg" /> <img width="413" height="834" width_o="413" height_o="834" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1d390b0397e05071bab8c8062a9fe62eec6b4d21ebff9cd34b67f8023f92883d/Toyo-Ito-passage-reversed.jpg" data-mid="130683440" border="0" alt="credit: ArchDaily" data-caption="credit: ArchDaily" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/413/i/1d390b0397e05071bab8c8062a9fe62eec6b4d21ebff9cd34b67f8023f92883d/Toyo-Ito-passage-reversed.jpg" /> <img width="1139" height="1139" width_o="1139" height_o="1139" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/10f2cc98f9af300f2ccc89acba66f087d841bae798fcadb26f2b85a5782d4cdc/short-section.jpg" data-mid="130682424" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/10f2cc98f9af300f2ccc89acba66f087d841bae798fcadb26f2b85a5782d4cdc/short-section.jpg" /> <img width="1137" height="1137" width_o="1137" height_o="1137" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/32ba98062a2af22c2d481abc46b167f6a8d066eb975330389bd27c080bfa6df8/long-section.jpg" data-mid="130813231" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/32ba98062a2af22c2d481abc46b167f6a8d066eb975330389bd27c080bfa6df8/long-section.jpg" /> <img width="1000" height="1220" width_o="1000" height_o="1220" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2cf911e10db7ac8a26de81317d2e53862c4c8e046266d976a5f72445826af9e4/Toyo-Ito-.-White-U-.jpg" data-mid="130687725" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2cf911e10db7ac8a26de81317d2e53862c4c8e046266d976a5f72445826af9e4/Toyo-Ito-.-White-U-.jpg" /> (narrative text and chair patterns by Sam Gebb) <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/46a997c9d2fec79b65f5b193ba29a12da6b42d1f95e9a2af2fa4b3ee46ad8f3c/Capture1.JPG" data-mid="130581396" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/46a997c9d2fec79b65f5b193ba29a12da6b42d1f95e9a2af2fa4b3ee46ad8f3c/Capture1.JPG" /> Denial She denies that the death has occurred. Everything in the house remains as it was, though flooded with an unnavigable sadness. His chair remains in place under the light. <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/05b6877c311f91ff12f0480b30ebd6f535f6102f31feb672bd203127302ead04/Capture-denial.JPG" data-mid="130686038" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/05b6877c311f91ff12f0480b30ebd6f535f6102f31feb672bd203127302ead04/Capture-denial.JPG" /> AngerToday, in her fraught procession around the U, his ghost is everywhere and nowhere, flying swiftly and erratically through the hall. The house is sharp, hazy, fragmented. She is buffeted by his memory. <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/67fee428ae6410432c61e3f471c5e833539c06f58059dc4986ce38fb830a3d18/Capture-anger.JPG" data-mid="130686039" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/67fee428ae6410432c61e3f471c5e833539c06f58059dc4986ce38fb830a3d18/Capture-anger.JPG" /> Bargaining The ghosts have settled, but not dissipated. Perhaps he might return. Perhaps there is a way through this unforgiving maze, a path to return her (and him) to the place before the loss. <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ea90f9bade3f995459323531100621f029e678c8527c6fc660173bf653ff754c/Capture-bargaining.JPG" data-mid="130686041" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ea90f9bade3f995459323531100621f029e678c8527c6fc660173bf653ff754c/Capture-bargaining.JPG" /> Depression The maze has fallen, and all that is left are ruins. She steps gingerly around skeletons of his memory, the disarray at odds with the smooth white walls of the U. She sees no way to pick up the pieces, no way to restore harmony, no way out. <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/76f54e56b0c406880f5386b542a4aab5763f6a5f887bc427e8431d217d5f9784/Capture-depression.JPG" data-mid="130686046" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/76f54e56b0c406880f5386b542a4aab5763f6a5f887bc427e8431d217d5f9784/Capture-depression.JPG" /> Acceptance In this final turn around the U, she makes peace with his absence. She sets another chair perfectly across from his, sits down, and communes with him through a glittering shard of light. <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/16f06f18433ff85c787e15f53fc2b027fcac885991b6d8a55c095dd25e7d1310/Capture-acceptance.JPG" data-mid="130690527" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/16f06f18433ff85c787e15f53fc2b027fcac885991b6d8a55c095dd25e7d1310/Capture-acceptance.JPG" /> The next day She finally leaves the house, leaving its revolutions of grief and entering fully into the sunlight. <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8126e53b2b4574cc64c861ed7b44b683522a35974c32718309997c32a05e4bc8/Capture-onward.JPG" data-mid="130686282" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8126e53b2b4574cc64c861ed7b44b683522a35974c32718309997c32a05e4bc8/Capture-onward.JPG" /> <img width="600" height="338" width_o="600" height_o="338" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7c2e6b03270997950e0135c87b6f2e4cd2512ac7ea58e2abc9d2728ab4d4e2fb/Desktop-2022.01.18---23.39.16.07_1.gif" data-mid="130707117" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/600/i/7c2e6b03270997950e0135c87b6f2e4cd2512ac7ea58e2abc9d2728ab4d4e2fb/Desktop-2022.01.18---23.39.16.07_1.gif" /> <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3d01b72d124440dc1669a7657321947511bba45306876c2fbeba88291b3fe176/Capture10.JPG" data-mid="130686359" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/3d01b72d124440dc1669a7657321947511bba45306876c2fbeba88291b3fe176/Capture10.JPG" /> <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7394736a5f501724415124908d55bf6c8d179a2f5fa6ff6a5d02114ba084a7fe/Capture6.JPG" data-mid="130581401" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/7394736a5f501724415124908d55bf6c8d179a2f5fa6ff6a5d02114ba084a7fe/Capture6.JPG" /> https://ericfuterfas.com/Bio-Inspired-Weaver-Sculpture Wed, 29 Dec 2021 22:56:20 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/Bio-Inspired-Weaver-Sculpture <img width="2132" height="1141" width_o="2132" height_o="1141" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/166e50bd8e912fdb73bee7226263e294d41625e3f45eb8281097750007f4fdfc/ViewCapture20220112_165228.jpg" data-mid="129980591" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/166e50bd8e912fdb73bee7226263e294d41625e3f45eb8281097750007f4fdfc/ViewCapture20220112_165228.jpg" /> Bio-Inspired Weaver Sculpture WhatWhere When For Pendant SculptureDesign Library, UCB 2020 Natural Fibers Architecture Course Our class studied the structures of African and European social weaver birds as precedents for a pendant sculpture that would be suspended within the atrium space of the Environmental Design Library. The sculpture would be composed of plant-based 3D printed material. Our class was broken down into 5 groups to tackle different aspects of the project, but I was assigned sole responsibility for the computational aspect of the project. This position provided myself with an enormous amount of leverage over the design of the scultpure, as it became almost entirely digitally-based after our physical prototyping phase was swiftly interrupted by the pandemic.&nbsp; Considering the limitations of a print bed, it was determined that the sculpture would be composed of modules in order to scale it to a desireable size. The tectonic system between these modules was inspired by weaver bird nests and Native America basket weaving. We translated the structural behavior of the grass, a developable surface, being threaded and knotted around other blades. The strands of grass that compose these weaver nests are not only knotted together, but they are pressed against eachother in a way that creates a reciprocal structure. These pieces are charged with potential energy as they are bent out of plane, but they become fixed in position with this energy as they make contact adjacent pieces, acting to stiffen the structure. The position and integrity of one discrete piece is directly dependent on all surrounding pieces as they become suspended in equillbrium. This principle inspired the use of secondary strips which are slipped between the looped modules on a diagonal. These strips function to flex the looped modules out to their limit as the strips attempt to become flat again. A diagonal pattern was determined necessary because exclusively aligning these compression strips on the vertical or horizontal axis would not result in a global extension of the loops, but rather a loose structure that does not find its full extent and shape. The result is a reciprocal arrangement that is composed of discrete pieces linked together with knots and the compression caused by the potential energy of reciprocal members. The parametric methods that this structure was designed with allow the density of these modules to be adjusted until the largest module in the array is small enough to be printed flat on a print bed. The construction and installation of the structure was cancelled due to the social distancing requirements of the early pandemic. <img width="2010" height="3122" width_o="2010" height_o="3122" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8e441f5f575ce31767fe0dd6ee580a0e7561f91d97a5475c2d58b84411dd8536/1---Village-Weaver-Nest-Morphology-Sketch-Diagram.jpg" data-mid="129972926" border="0" alt="sketch of weaver nest construction time-lapse" data-caption="sketch of weaver nest construction time-lapse" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8e441f5f575ce31767fe0dd6ee580a0e7561f91d97a5475c2d58b84411dd8536/1---Village-Weaver-Nest-Morphology-Sketch-Diagram.jpg" /> <img width="2560" height="1440" width_o="2560" height_o="1440" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/3c8d53a7317481705e1867ddfe0eb06fcfe0b98dbb188dc5376f8d76059fef51/Inspiration.jpg" data-mid="129972407" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/3c8d53a7317481705e1867ddfe0eb06fcfe0b98dbb188dc5376f8d76059fef51/Inspiration.jpg" /> <img width="5372" height="3476" width_o="5372" height_o="3476" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/28aba81ef02f8442d72c8821a14b31f37eb60406897aa80e28d8719ae4275e62/Ohlone-Precedent.jpg" data-mid="129972635" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/28aba81ef02f8442d72c8821a14b31f37eb60406897aa80e28d8719ae4275e62/Ohlone-Precedent.jpg" /> <img width="2904" height="1306" width_o="2904" height_o="1306" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e4e7000804ea03cba3ee54d60e932f9fa1e7cdc014647f43b1b6f8ce2102ab72/Assemblage-and-Structure-Diagram_Final-FINAL.jpg" data-mid="129973293" border="0" alt="assembly sequence - credit: Tanner Glackin" data-caption="assembly sequence - credit: Tanner Glackin" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e4e7000804ea03cba3ee54d60e932f9fa1e7cdc014647f43b1b6f8ce2102ab72/Assemblage-and-Structure-Diagram_Final-FINAL.jpg" /> <img width="4344" height="3840" width_o="4344" height_o="3840" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/030f09611b5d7773a7af8c5b42e882c7013759f96ac8a666c48efb0433b70480/Strip-Prototype.jpg" data-mid="129972519" border="0" alt="clasping loop tectonics test" data-caption="clasping loop tectonics test" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/030f09611b5d7773a7af8c5b42e882c7013759f96ac8a666c48efb0433b70480/Strip-Prototype.jpg" /> <img width="2550" height="1212" width_o="2550" height_o="1212" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/81a6ec58c36e0972630edb55c3cc72ac48c0cf906e563a419be2eeab9afb4f70/model-logic-sequence.jpg" data-mid="129973321" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/81a6ec58c36e0972630edb55c3cc72ac48c0cf906e563a419be2eeab9afb4f70/model-logic-sequence.jpg" /> <img width="9680" height="4312" width_o="9680" height_o="4312" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/26a744acd0b553eb10d754be31b3aa375d898acfd34e9d7b6658ebb74ed64913/Logic-3-Sequence---Full-Script-High-Res.jpg" data-mid="129978837" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/26a744acd0b553eb10d754be31b3aa375d898acfd34e9d7b6658ebb74ed64913/Logic-3-Sequence---Full-Script-High-Res.jpg" /> https://ericfuterfas.com/SFO-Connection-Building-Solar-Study Tue, 23 Apr 2024 01:55:00 +0000 Portfolio Website https://ericfuterfas.com/SFO-Connection-Building-Solar-Study <img width="2664" height="1521" width_o="2664" height_o="1521" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/fe5ff319d3cd6fe84db07d9fe6b2044ac9ab281e422df4c74d1d883775ae33c0/Anelemma-Perspective.png" data-mid="209532162" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/fe5ff319d3cd6fe84db07d9fe6b2044ac9ab281e422df4c74d1d883775ae33c0/Anelemma-Perspective.png" /> SFO Connection Building 4 Solar Study What: Where: When: For: With: Solar Analysis San Francisco2024 Gensler, SFO Atelier Ten San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is building a new connection building (C4C) between terminals 2 and 3, consisting mostly of office space. We were asked by the architect (Gensler) to study the solar performance implications of about a dozen massing schemes in the early schematic design phase. We approached this assignment by focusing on orientation, perhaps the most impactful consideration in such an early stage of the project.&nbsp; All potential facade orientations were analyzed for their solar profile cutoff angles using a bespoke data visualization tool to show the exposure risk that the sun poses during each hour of each day of the year. We also demonstrated the modified risk by taking additional measures of interior desk placement as well as facade treatment with horizontal louvres. Using this approach, we were able to recommend massing options with the most amount of inherent solar protection to save additional effort and material on supplamental solar protection. Section Cuttoff Profile Angles In section, solar cutoff angles are measured parallel to the ground. The higher the sun is in the sky, the larger the angle, and the easier it becomes to shade with horizontal shading elements. Sun angles that are greater than a designed profile angle will be protected from, while sun angles that are smaller than this angle will create an admittance of radiation into the area of concern. In most projects, this area of concern is at any transparent glazing. <img width="3640" height="912" width_o="3640" height_o="912" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f9eb0ff9ea495a283f897dd1a40fcbf4471e61c932215c849b7bb343db77bf1d/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_1-1.jpg" data-mid="209532432" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f9eb0ff9ea495a283f897dd1a40fcbf4471e61c932215c849b7bb343db77bf1d/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_1-1.jpg" /> Plan Cuttoff Profile Angles In plan, solar cutoff angles are measured perpendicular to the glass. The more oblique the sun is to the glass, the larger the angle, and the easier it becomes to shade the building with vertical shading elements. Sun angles that are greater than a designed profile angle will be protected from, while sun angles that are smaller than this angle will create an admittance of radiation into the area of concern. <img width="3640" height="916" width_o="3640" height_o="916" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d5326acacc1f8031748b723ff38b9ec573a684b26d44bdc761a7774ed88d1e96/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_1-2.jpg" data-mid="209532434" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d5326acacc1f8031748b723ff38b9ec573a684b26d44bdc761a7774ed88d1e96/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_1-2.jpg" /> Vertical vs Horizontal Shades Three prominent orientations shared between many current C4C schemes are used to compare vertical and horizontal solar profile angles. The closer to normal that a profile angle is to a facade, the more difficult it will be to shade. Vertical profile angles are used to understand how difficult it may be to shade a facade with a horizontal shading element, while horizontal profile angles are used to understand how difficult it may be to shade with a vertical shading element. In general, horizontal elements deliver better shading performance, or at least comparable shading performance with less material. This is especially true for south and south-biased facades, as can be seen when comparing the proportion of hours considered “difficult” to shade on the South and West C4C facades. Facades with a more dramatic north bias are the exception, presenting more vertical profile angles as “difficult.” This makes sense in the northern hemisphere where a north-facing facade may only experience direct sun in the summer, but these moments are also on the edges of occupancy hours. Investing material into these facades for shading purposes is not recommended. <img width="3640" height="2612" width_o="3640" height_o="2612" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ce0a7899686b0c6894a0d844874790dce3d64a45e70565c09952cfaa14e54960/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_2-1.jpg" data-mid="209532651" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ce0a7899686b0c6894a0d844874790dce3d64a45e70565c09952cfaa14e54960/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_2-1.jpg" /> Annual Sun Hours by Orientation and Vertical Profile DegreeHours calculated annually between 8am and 6pm, binned by degree of angle from vertical normal to facade. The highest-performing facades from each relative orientation are chosen for further evaluation (highlighted in green).&nbsp; <img width="3211" height="1557" width_o="3211" height_o="1557" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/04ad257d22cd065b46c1012d3bce86e148aa1fdb857a8f824ce8a1e83ba4f695/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_4-1.jpg" data-mid="209533241" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/04ad257d22cd065b46c1012d3bce86e148aa1fdb857a8f824ce8a1e83ba4f695/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_4-1.jpg" /> East Facade The north-biased east facade is well-protected from most of an average day’s sun. It is only vulnerable to direct sun in the early morning hours of occupancy, particularly in the summer. The majority of the 375 exposure hours on this facade are easy to control for. <img width="5186" height="1087" width_o="5186" height_o="1087" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cfb1d8aea9e9d6ca1ae3f1ec386c6e4fe8abb0d9e1f2edd6e0f9806793147c96/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_5-1.jpg" data-mid="209534875" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cfb1d8aea9e9d6ca1ae3f1ec386c6e4fe8abb0d9e1f2edd6e0f9806793147c96/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_5-1.jpg" /> &nbsp; South FacadeThe southeast facade is particularly vulnerable to solar intrusion in the morning hours. The plurality of the 2235 exposure hours on this facade are moderately difficult to control for, becoming easier as the sun rises and sweeps west out of sight. <img width="5186" height="999" width_o="5186" height_o="999" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/45ae5f0d4e2b029d00dc971f15e5b9be92feffcdfd26641e0d5a8a346a450870/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_6-1.jpg" data-mid="209534882" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/45ae5f0d4e2b029d00dc971f15e5b9be92feffcdfd26641e0d5a8a346a450870/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_6-1.jpg" /> West Facade The southeast facade is particularly vulnerable to solar intrusion in the morning hours. The plurality of the 1996 exposure hours on this facade are moderately difficult to control for, becoming easier as the sun rises and sweeps west out of sight. <img width="5186" height="999" width_o="5186" height_o="999" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/fc98a5496721ec29dcd4b2c6e4df4ec3122a667a82bf30d3bd0f285b307fabc1/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_7-1.jpg" data-mid="209534884" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/fc98a5496721ec29dcd4b2c6e4df4ec3122a667a82bf30d3bd0f285b307fabc1/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_7-1.jpg" /> North Facade The southeast facade is particularly vulnerable to solar intrusion in the morning hours. The plurality of the 1996 exposure hours on this facade are moderately difficult to control for, becoming easier as the sun rises and sweeps west out of sight. <img width="5186" height="999" width_o="5186" height_o="999" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/162ce5e9152bbff6574bddc630ada1671485339400c59cbde4c91987da749bae/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_8-1.jpg" data-mid="209534886" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/162ce5e9152bbff6574bddc630ada1671485339400c59cbde4c91987da749bae/9779-C4C-Solar-Angle-Analysis-240222_Page_8-1.jpg" />